Improving Robustness Of Llm-based Speech Synthesis By Learning Monotonic Alignment

Neekhara Paarth, Hussain Shehzeen, Ghosh Subhankar, Li Jason, Valle Rafael, Badlani Rohan, Ginsburg Boris. Arxiv 2024

[Paper]    
Attention Mechanism Model Architecture Pretraining Methods RAG Security Training Techniques Transformer

Large Language Model (LLM) based text-to-speech (TTS) systems have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling large speech datasets and generating natural speech for new speakers. However, LLM-based TTS models are not robust as the generated output can contain repeating words, missing words and mis-aligned speech (referred to as hallucinations or attention errors), especially when the text contains multiple occurrences of the same token. We examine these challenges in an encoder-decoder transformer model and find that certain cross-attention heads in such models implicitly learn the text and speech alignment when trained for predicting speech tokens for a given text. To make the alignment more robust, we propose techniques utilizing CTC loss and attention priors that encourage monotonic cross-attention over the text tokens. Our guided attention training technique does not introduce any new learnable parameters and significantly improves robustness of LLM-based TTS models.

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